Hello GL, Research demonstrates that teacher credibility, with an effect size of 0.9, has a greater impact on [], [] na verdade o primeiro, oferecer aos alunos clareza de objetivos de aprendizagem. I found this paper with a more detailed funnel plot. Lapport des technologies dans [], [] and scientists have collected a lot of data over the last decade on how students learn and how teachers can teach more effectively and address the sense of helpless students can feel [], [] temtica de los estudios analizados por Hattie es muy amplia (ver lista completa) como, por ejemplo, los efectos del calendario escolar, el tamao de las escuelas, el estatus [], [] Interdisciplinaire. I [], [] Hatties Relative Influences Teacher Estimates of Achievement are at the top! It says learning outcomes at the start is there anywhere that the specific learning outcomes are listed, along with how they are objectively measured? Diffrenciation. Dare I say that you could substitute another noun [], [] course not only references the ISTE Standards for Teachers as a guide, it is also grounded in research-based instructional practices, offers personal insights from our own classrooms and includes an extensive list of tools to [], [] resultados de aprendizagem de acordo com seus efeitos: muito positivos a muito negativos.Cliqueaquipara conhecer o ranking [], [] practices is something that high performing teachers do often. There is a list attached here List of Effective Practicewhich I found fascinating looking at all the things people have said in the past they thought would [], [] I think the issues discussed pre-date our current era; however, they have been exacerbated by technological change. The results (which he continues to refine) are at the very [], [] above that magic 0.4 number is golden. (2009). Rock Springs, Wyoming, United States Principal, Pittsville High School . | MANEKIND, 5 Mistakes Teachers Make the First Week of School with Linda Kardamis @coolcatteacher, My name is Matt, and I ditched my homework. 138 Influences Related To Achievement Hattie effect size list. Hattie found that the average effect size of all the interventions he studied was 0.40. John Hattie reports that, with an effect size of 0.73, feedback is among the top-10 things that strongly influences student achievement. formative evaluation have large effect sizes, (ES .68 and ES .68.90, respectively). Hattie adopts 0.4 as the cut off point, basically ignoring effects sizes . it is not very effective. Bias and discrimination, both implicit and explicit, can easily lead to harmful in-school practices that erase students' cultural identities. He has first published 138 effects in Hattie (2009) "Visible Learning", then 150 effects in Hattie (2011) "Visible Learning for Teachers" , and most recently a list of 195 effects in Hattie (2015) "The Applicability of Visible Learning to Higher Education". Hisresearch is now based onnearly1200 meta-analyses up from the 800 whenVisible Learning came out in 2009. After reading the latest paperwhich [], [] betekent dit volgens mij bijvoorbeeld dat de ranking in Hatties ranking er ook heel anders zou kunnen [], [] klassengrootte, je geslacht en natuurlijk je motivatie. usefulinthefuture,! Thanks. Do you use the data from visible learning to make your calculations? I have tried reading on the mathematics of size effects, but I find it quite complicated. The Hattie Scaleshows that tech rates quite low. I double checked the issue with Hatties two books about Visible Learning. The validity of the 20 years research on Parent, Teacher and Child-based school entry screening is contained in Reddington & Wheeldon (2009)which can be sent to Prof. Hattie (also presented at the International Conference on Applied Psychology, Paris, July, 2014). The range is from 0 to 1.62, with the larger effect being more valuable. Reflective Journal Post #8 . On that list, teacher expertise is the variable that has by far the greatest positive impactin [], [] school children, homework has a significant positive effect. By May 2021 increase the combined (reading and math) percentage of students scoring proficient/distinguished from 32.1% to 42.1%. His research, better known as Visible Learning, is a culmination of nearly 30 years synthesizing more than 1,500 meta-analyses comprising more than 90,000 studies . Feedback 0.75. Creating strong relationships between students and those charged with educating them therefore will require adults to acknowledge the long-standing harms caused by racism in schools. It is one of the many factors that Hattie tells us will improve student performance (0.75 effect size, with 0.4 being a full year of [], [] the 250 areas Dr. Hattie has researched, one of the strongest influences on how much a student will learn in a year is [], [] efficacy currently has highest effect on student learning according to John [], [] & Metacognition have consistently been shown to raise achievement through both Hatties Visible Learning and The EEF Toolkit, where they both add 8-9 months of additional pupils progress. The effect sizes Hattie found for various educational factors are ranked here. If we unpack teacher/student [], [] At our place, the talk this year is a lot about alignment and congruence setting goals together, working collaboratively, keeping things consistent, moving forward as a learning community. Whats the definition of this concept ? https://ollieorange2.wordpress.com/2014/08/25/people-who-think-probabilities-can-be-negative-shouldnt-write-books-on-statistics/comment-page-1/#comment-545. Hi there! One thing we dont pretend is that a teachers job is so much more than a focus on student [], [] in trying to summarise what works, like the EEF toolkit or Hatties Visible Learning, are the starting point rather than the final word in discussions about school improvement or [], [] His studies in effect sizes relate to how much impact something has on a learner. Il ricercatore neozelandese John Hattie (v. il suo ranking) ne ha misurate ben 195 nella sua ricerca quantitativa sui fattori che influenzano gli esiti degli [], [] number thats supposed to tell you what works and what doesnt. Differentiation is not a specific strategyit is an application of strategies. Bovendien, je zitniet jehele leven op school. Blue: An effect size of greater than .40 is the Zone of Desired Effect s. Hattie's research shows The term effect size can be misleading. John Hattie and Robert Marzano have both published works that show significant increases in studentachievement by measure of effect size and percentile scores as a result of providing learners with meaninful [], [] Hattie, J. 3. Its pretty eye-opening, to be [], [] in student achievementincluding school, teacher, and student. Michael [], [] is a big deal for teaching and learning though Im struggling to find the effect size on the visible learning website (John [], [] higher achievement. point out, instead of pursuing an enlightened approach [], [] maintain standards (and as a result, open inquiry as curriculum ranks pretty low on Hatties impacts). Did I miss focus? Heres why | Ditch That Textbook, Seis atividades que influenciam positivamente a aprendizagem, Visible Learning Meta-Study | connecting data to information to knowldge, The Probability of Success in your Classroom, Digital Vs Human Richard Watson Cargill's Classroom, The Cult of Hattie: wilful blindness? | edmagine, Comments by Ontario Education Minister Makes Math Matters Worse. Also, not all students respond well. A childs wagon, a wheelbarrow, a half ton truck, a five ton truck are vehicles. 25 March 2021. They have put all the results on the same scale (effect-size) and crunched the numbers from all the research. display: none !important; Whats mean classroom behavior ? #BCSLearns | Learn-Lead-Love, Why being a tech-savvy teacher doesnt have to be daunting or complex - participate.com, O que tem mais impacto na aprendizagem? Reviewed by Kathee Lamberies. [], [] resulting in a ground-breaking book Hattie (2009) Visible Learning where he identified and ranked 138 influences related to learning outcomes ranging from positive to negative effects on [], [] Learner facilitated the team in matching the ideas against Hatties research on the Top Influences and Effect Sizes Related to Student Achievement. | Oakland Schools ~ Michigan, Indigenous Education: from Hope to Expectation | The Outback Educator, Onderwijsinnovatie Beyond the Hype | Beyond the Hype, John Hattie and Gifted Education | Gift-Ed Connections, Qu funciona en educacin? Its intent is to guidea student and providesupport to help them realize their error, ultimately to learn from and correct it. That doesnt seem to be on the list, but Teacher Efficacy, Teacher Credibility, and teacher Clarity do appear. In his groundbreaking study "Visible Learning" he ranked 138 influences that are related to learning outcomes from very positive effects to very negative effects. In addition, Hatties Visible Learning notes that the teacher-student relationship is a significant factorin student achievement, with an effect size of [], [] jaareen artikel, naar aanleiding van de Learning Tomorrow week. Taking your example of a large standard deviation before the intervention (e.g. To be valid, the spread of scores should be approximately . The Common Language Effect Size (CLE) is a probability measure and by definition must be between 0% and 100%. Well, I (stupidly) rented a Kindle version of the VL for Teachers that your link led me to on Amazon. An effect size of 0.40 on his scale is what educators should expect and aim for when trying to [], [] que socit faisons-nous une fixation collective sur la russite scolaire des garons ? However, if we focus only on the content, insisting that to be successful all students must meet [], [] what does Hatties meta-analysis say about feedback, micro-teaching, formative evaluation, etc? From the very beginning the story of Visible Learning is mainly based on the effect size (Cohens d) which are correct. It enjoys a Hattie Effect Size of .55. criticaltothecontent, ! But students too often rely on us to determine goals for them. Sources such as the EEF Toolkit, Hatties meta analysis and Paul Kirschner all support this idea. Hattie and Timperley (2007) . Otras Voces en Educacion, Growing and Developing Professionally | Teacher.org, 9 Tips for Being a Education Leader in the Digital Age - The Tech Edvocate, Eight Daily Classroom Data Sources to Empower Student-Directed Learning, Choice Workshops & Teacher Agency Choose Act Reflect, Despite the Skeptics, the Benefits of Direct InstructionEducation & Teacher Conferences, Flipped Learning The Results Jon Tait, Classroom Participation A Research Review Christian School Management, Point/Counterpoint: Escaping the Inquiry Learning Debate |Education & Teacher Conferences, Teacher Clarity: A Visible Learning Approach | amplifiEDUcation, VISIBLE LEARNING: DETERMINING THE IMPACT OF HOW WE TEACH Literacy Links, 7 Strategies to Combat Community Opposition to Public Schools | Teacher.org, The secret element in blended learning - Christensen Institute : Christensen Institute, Leadership and Change | ePortfolio John W. Stephens, Staff Development Alternative PD | ePortfolio John W. Stephens, Day 1: Classes sizes are way over provincial guidelines | Edmonton Journal. Yet, as Claxton et al. With an effect size of 0.40, it is ranked as one of the most effective interventions teachers can [], [] away, celebrate their success, and place them in a position of digital leadership. I found thislist of 252 influences. . Good teachers make a habit of applying those strategies that produce the greatest effect size. My fundamental task is to evaluate the effect of my teaching on students' learning and achievement. unknown,! Kirschner, Sweller and Clarks 2006 paper Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not [], [] instruction, providing quality feedback to teachers, focusing our efforts on strategies that work (Hatties work), sustaining this improvement work over time (years), ensuring the parents are informed and [], [] is formative assessment important? One could assume from this that mentoring is not a particularly worthwhile investment but there would be few people who have achieved eminence in their fields who were not heavily influenced by a mentor. Cooperative learning, providing enrichment and afterschool programs have an effect size around the average of 0.4 (average impact). The Muddiest Point. Can you find out how Hattie (or anyone) got the 1.57 effect size on collective efficacy? Hattie synthesized the results of nearly 1,200 meta-analysis studies to compare various influences [], [] part of developing teacher efficacy and student efficacy. Jy sal verbaas wees! Is there somewhere where I can look to see just what topics are included under each heading for effect size? (2009) Visible Learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses . Jul 2021 - Present 1 year 8 months. You need way too many mentors to be practical, not to mention paying them and matching them up. Thx, I would recommend reading Hatties book Visible Learning for Teachers: https://www.amazon.ca/Visible-Learning-Teachers-John-Hattie/dp/0415690153, Hi there very interested in all of this however Differentiation, doesnt seem to appear..what am I missing here? Many hours were spent discussing classroom observations and follow through [], [] utilization of high yield strategies. My question is, does anyone know why the 2015 list of 195 influences is not published in later books (i.e. It could also be one reason John Hatties work and book, Visible Learning, appeals to so many educators. This created a lot of ah-ha moments among the team in realizing which ideas [], [] Questioning allows you to: Check learningStretch learningSupport learning What follows are some approaches to maximise your questioning technique so that you can avoid the tumbleweed that blows past as you ask a question to a whole room of learners. Cheers, Sebastian. For instance, where would memorization as an effect fall under? Warnings were given about how reliable his research might be [], [] the Lead Learner facilitated the team in matching the ideas against Hatties research on the Top Influences and Effect Sizes Related to Student Achievement. Hattie's effect size posters or charts are not restaurant menus. 3. The Jigsaw method is number 7! John Hattietells us that that a teachers estimate of student achievement has a 1.29 effect size. A meta-analysis (435 studies, k = 994, N > 61,000) of empirical research on the effects of feedback on student learning was conducted with the purpose of replicating and expanding the Visible Learning research (Hattie and Timperley, 2007; Hattie, 2009; Hattie and Zierer, 2019) from meta-synthesis. Collective Teacher Efficacy is the [], [] another camp, however, are the followers of New Zealand author and professor John Hattie, whoanalyzed the results of more than 1,200 educational research publications to rank which intervention. And, just like in every other craft-based profession, there are a set of most effective practices. But what does that 0.82 represent and why is it so important? Hattie's high impact strategies for teachers Direct instruction Note taking Spaced practice Feedback Teaching metacognitive skills Teaching problem solving Reciprocal teaching Mastery learning Concept mapping Worked examples Hattie, J. The story underlying the data seems applicable to this age range. At the very bottom of his list is depression, with an effect size of negative .42, which is really [], [] result of great teaching and student-centered learning environments. Until now I've been . Here Hattie & Donoghue attempt to show at what stage in students' learning should various strategies be implemented. (2013). There is zero mention anywhere in the paper about any effect size over 0.63. Summer vacation effect 0.02 School compositional effects College halls of residence 0.05 Desegregation 0.28 Diverse student body 0.10 Middle school internventions 0.18 Out-of-school curricula experiences 0.07 School choice programs 0.12 School size (600-900 students at secondary) 0.43 Other school factors Counseling effects 0.35 Modifying . I am looking at this graph and am curious as to what age group this study was done on when it comes to education. In other words, if you get an effect size of .6 or .7 you are achieving a far greater gain with your kids than would be expected. From this perspective, the first step for any technology based intervention, such as a 1-to-1 strategy, really ought to beensure that it can support these and other strategies that have been shown to improve student outcomes. Number 141 is stereotype threat. Showing that an educational intervention has a positive effect is quite a feeble hurdle to overcome. Things like charter schools, student gender and teacher's level of education are around 0.1 (almost no impact,) while feedback, acceleration and formative assessment are . (10 [], [] http://visible-learning.org/hattie-ranking-influences-effect-sizes-learning-achievement/ [], [] then compared the research from John Hattie and the Sutton Report, noting that in both reports Digital Technology was not even in the top ten [], [] Nobody wants to be that teacher the one who assigns a massive packet of busy work, due the first day back to school, but it is evident that extended vacations result in a reversal of some learning. Hattie ranked these influencers according to their learning outcome effect size. The underlying issue, which he tackles, is the emphasis on learning to pass, or short-term knowledge. Anyway, Hattie ranks about 1,000 different factors that contribute or dont to academic achievement. Professor John Hattie's Visible Learning framework needs no introduction to educators. [], [] Note: Hattie shows that classroom discussion has an effect size of .82 on student performance! Using the TPACK framework: You [], [] http://visible-learning.org/hattie-ranking-influences-effect-sizes-learning-achievement http://www.ppta.org.nz/index.php/resources/pptanews/305-ppta-newsapr09-hattie-review [], [] cited John Hatties work analyzing the effect of 138 influences on studentachievement. Strategy 1: Setting goals Lessons have clear learning intentions with goals that clarify what success looks like. These influences were rated using an effect size, with a .40 effect size having the potential to stimulate a years [], [] La relacin de factores estudiados por Hattie y publicado en diversos aos, ha ido creciendo hasta los 250 que acaban de publicarse en 2017 (Una imagen interactiva de efectos anteriores puedes verla desde aqu). John Hatties workVisible Learning details 138 factors that influence student learning, and among them, formative assessment, or formative evaluation as he terms it, has [], [] an analysis of over 800 meta-analyses of classroom strategies, Dr. John Hattie identifies over 130 factors that yield learning results. The average [], [] the 138 learning influencers from the six areas that contribute to learning (student, home, school, curricula, teacher, teaching [], [] This is sound theory and although negative beliefs about disadvantaged students may be subconscious, they are still incredibly damaging to students self-concept and their outcomes. Hatties research indicates the supreme importance of clear feedback, measurable achievement, andmeaningful formative evaluation. How can there be this level of difference? | jesuisfministe.com, We Have to Stop Pretending | Education, Leadership and 21st Century Pedagogy, Developing research leads within schools: the good we oft might win | Evidence into practice, things to investigate #1: | erinteaches, Challengeslay ahead! Once again, they largely tell us what to consider, but there is so much between consideration and implementation. We all know the extrinsic motivators that drive students (i.e. The list I visualized for this website is related to Hattie (2009) Visible Learning. Hello Daniel, Within this context one can see how big of an effect CTE truly is. [], [] Researcher John Hattie has pored over nearly 1,200 educational studies from around the world to identify the factors that most strongly contribute to student success. Thanks for pointing to this error. I looked up and read the dissertation by Jenni Anne Marie Donohoo on Collective Efficacy. I found this a short introduction video Collective teacher efficacy helpful: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUfEWZGLFZE. [], [] anything above a measurement of 0.4 is showing proof it is effective. I would love to hear ideas from other schools about how you support teacher agency and promote [], [] Hatties meta-meta-analyses have shown DI to be quite effective. ! Moreover, taking into account the standard deviation helps to better interpret mean differences. Very interesting looking at the things that you do in your classroom that you feel are really getting the ideas across well, and finding out that you may be missing a big chuck of your class just by the way you are presenting material to them! Hattie effect size list 256 Influences Related To Achievement. Hattie uses Cohens d to represent the effect size. John Hattie constantly updates his list. | Alan Morrison's MAETEL1 Blog, http://www.ppta.org.nz/index.php/resources/pptanews/305-ppta-newsapr09-hattie-review, Five Critical Skills to Empower Students in the Digital Age | MindShift | KQED News, Auto-valuation des lves via un formulaire | Site de Franois Jourde, Does class size really matter? The uniqueness of each student and all of the influences that abound in each students life is often overwhelming. As Hattie has discovered in his meta-research, this tapping into collective teacher efficacy is the real power move that accelerates learning. I am trying to learn precisely what is meant by the new top two effects. Cohens d is defined as the difference between two means divided by a standard deviation of the pooled groups or of the control group alone. Retrieved from http://visible-learning.org/hattie-ranking-influences-effect-sizes-learning-achievement/ Mishra, P. & Koehler. But try fixing up a typical student with a typical mentor, and youll see it hard to predict the outcome. For transcripts and data analysis you might check out the Visible Classroom project: http://visibleclassroom.com Educational researcher and thinker John Hattie ranks both teacher and student (self) efficacy among the most effective and influential factors [], [] Hattie describes collective teacher efficacy as having the greatest influence on student achievement. Publicado [], [] John Hattie defines the hinge point of learning to be at about a .40 and is where he defines about a years growth for a student. Hello: I am a reading consultant organizing a class for students reading two or more years below grade level. Hi there thanks for sharing the graphic not sure if someone has already pointed out to you the error. CAPTCHA Code * the CLE calculations have been wrong in earlier editions of Visibible Learning. In it, he argues that cardio exercise has a large influence on student success. He synthesized more than 800 meta studies covering more than 80 million students. A series of short posts about specific elements of teaching practice that I think are effective and make life interesting. }, Hattie Ranking: 252 Influences And Effect Sizes Related To Student Achievement, Backup of Hatties Ranking list of 256 Influences And Effect Sizes Related To Student Achievement, Hattie Ranking: Backup of 195 effects related to student achievement, Glossary of Hatties influences on student achievement. But according [], [] me semble pdagogiquement efficace, comme en tmoigne le classement deHattie (Hattie Ranking: Influences And Effect Sizes Related To Student Achievement : self-reported [], [] influence student achievement. OK. The main problem for me is that the study does not deal with Piagetian programs (sic) just a test. | EduBits by Kristin Phillips, AfL in STEM Teaching MOOC Week 3 Hannah Tyreman, If not Gonski funding, then what? Effect size: 0.84 Meta-Analyses Confidence The Confidence is the average of these four measures, each divided into five approximately equal groups and assigned a value from 1 to 5 based on the following criteria: Number of Meta-analyses 1 = 1 2 = 2-3 3 = 4-6 4 = 7-9 5 = 10+ Number of Studies 1 = 1-10 2 = 11-50 3 = 51-200 4 = 201-400 5 = 400+ Hattie analyzed 900+ meta-studies of educational programs and procedures, and came up with an "effect size" for each of 195 "influences" on learning (138 in 2009 and 150 in 2012). The goal of this page is to keep track of our visualizations of John Hattie's effect size list based on the Visible Learning research. Bardziej zainteresowanych odsyam do stron internetowych (http://visible-learning.org/hattie-ranking-influences-effect-sizes-learning-achievement/) i do ksiek Hattiego Visible learning oraz Visible learning for [], [] Researcher John Hattie has pored over nearly 1,200 educational studies from around the world to identify the factors that most strongly contribute to student success. | Educhatter, Impact: Teaching Literacy in the Visible Learning Classroom, How Do You Know When A Teaching Strategy Is Most Effective? If you havent seen this data already, you [], [] of this articulation is worthless unless it has a positive impact on student learning. M. J. Virginia: ASCD 4. Alle Effektstrken haben einprgsame (englische) Bezeichnungen das macht es jedoch auch notwendig, genauer hinzusehen, da [], [] http://visible-learning.org/hattie-ranking-influences-effect-sizes-learning-achievement/ (Ranking of what effects student [], [] article herewhere you will find an overview of the Hattie effect size list that contains 138 influences and [], [] that work, but a measured accounting of which of these work significantly better than most. r or r^2 or z? And remember, you have to [], [] John Hatties research-based ranking of best practices in education give homework an effect si [], [] Hattie Ranking: 195 Influences And Effect Sizes Related To Student Achievement [Visible Learning.Org [], [] dos estudos mais abrangentes sobre fatores que influenciam positivamente a aprendizagem foi desenvolvido pelo pesquisador John Hattie, que analisou mais de 50.000 pesquisas envolvendo 80 milhes de estudantes. Hattie hefur skilgreint 138 atrii sem hafa hrif nmsrangur nemenda, au m sj hr [], [] forget that there are a large number of stock markets around the globe and a wide range of other influences on student achievement that we may not even be aware [], [] Influences and effect sizes related to student achievement (diagram). He promotes education through portfolio and people. Its a follow-up on Hatties reading methods: The Common Language Effect Size (CLE) is a probability measure and by definition must be between 0% and 100%. | Horatio Speaks, 8 Questions to Tackle in Designing Student Assessments | Teacher.org, Constructivism Should Not be the Main Game John Kenny Blog, Choosing a book for your child | Spelfabet, Inside Silicon Valley's Big-Money Push to Remake American Education - Airiters, The Polite Revolution: What Can Canadian Educators Learn from researchED? Below you can find an updated version of our first, second and third visualization ofeffect sizes related to student achievement. I agree. Hattie's Ten Mind Frames for Educators 1. If you look at mentoring programs, its not like having a single brilliant individual who intimately guides you throughout a period of life. As the 0.4 SD effect size for one year's progress, should not be confused or conflated with the 0.4 SD effect size put forward by Professor Hattie as the average effect size for factors influencing education. The effect size, in Hattie's book, is noted at .76 for transfer and .50 for new passages. Schools that use effect sizes to measure student progress can maximize their impact on student outcomes. 138 Influences Related To Achievement Hattie effect size list. [], [] students are given areas they can improve that is actionable. John Hatties meta-analysis of educational research places feedback at the top of the instructional hierarchy (0.73 effect size [], [] also ridiculous. Heres what John Hattie says about about it: At the last minute in editing I substituted the wrong column of data into the CLE column and did not pick up this error; I regret this omission. Pourquoi il est essentiel de parler des intelligences multiples aux ados. This table gives the results. For a better understanding of the process I would recommend reading the book Visible Learning for Teachers. No way! | Economics 411: Monetary and Financial Theory, Computers v. Teachers and Reinforcing Reading Strategies | Learn By Reflecting, Intervention Strategies from @teachingtricks | parktownprawns, Turning the tables on parent-teacher conferences - History as Prologue, Hatties 138 Influences Relating to Achievement | The Weblog of Shannyn Dwyer, Littratie en ducation : quelques rencontres nourrissantes | Le blogue d'Anick, Know Thy Impact | connecting teaching and learning, Are you flipping your teaching? Could you explain what is meant by collective teacher efficacy? Increase the differentiation of instruction across the school. Lesson goals always explain what students need to understand, and what they must be able to do. New research shows that many school pupils who study in composite classes perform better than those in single year cohorts. Homework, class size, gender and motivation are some of the influencers on the list. [], [] [7] http://visible-learning.org/hattie-ranking-influences-effect-sizes-learning-achievement/ [], [] on Live Time Assessment. L'apport des technologies dans l'ducation demeure [], [] brillant, comme nous le soulignons dj ou comme le soulignait rcemment un rapport Pisa et dans les classement de John Hattie sur les facteurs qui favorisent la russite scolaire, aucun nvoque des questions technologiques).
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