[456] He was critical of the MarxistLeninist governments in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc, comparing the way that they treated their populations with the way that the National Party treated South Africans. [111] There, he presented a paper in which he stated that "black theology is an engaged not an academic, detached theology. In addition to his role as one of the driving forces behind his country's movement to end racial segregation and discrimination, he spent a lifetime inspiring many through his words. [350] Tutu later criticised ANC leader and South African President Jacob Zuma. After six wonderful years as Chair, I am sad to say that it was time for me to step down. [168] Although some clergy saw this dialogue as pointless, Tutu disagreed, commenting: "Moses went to Pharaoh repeatedly to secure the release of the Israelites. [142] Back in Johannesburgwhere the SACC's headquarters were based at Khotso House[143]the Tutus returned to their former Orlando West home, now bought for them by an anonymous foreign donor. Desmond Tutu held his Acceptance Speech on 10 December 1984, in the Oslo City Hall, Norway. [9] He had an older sister, Sylvia Funeka, who called him "Mpilo" (meaning 'life'). Also in 1986, he became president of the All Africa Conference of Churches, resulting in further tours of the continent. [154] When the Eloff report was published, Tutu criticised it, focusing particularly on the absence of any theologians on its board, likening it to "a group of blind men" judging the Chelsea Flower Show. Nelson Mandela appointed Tutu head of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which investigated allegations of human rights abuses during the apartheid era. The cathedral was packed for the event. [301] In his speeches, he focused on South Africa's transition from apartheid to universal suffrage, presenting it as a model for other troubled nations to adopt. Desmond Tutu, an icon who helped end apartheid in South Africa, dies at 90 The cathedral can hold 1,200 worshippers, but only 100 mourners were allowed to attend the funeral because of COVID-19. We can live together as one people, one family, black and white together. [461] Tutu was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 for his nonviolent struggle against apartheid. [147] There, he introduced a schedule of daily staff prayers, regular Bible study, monthly Eucharist, and silent retreats. Picture Information. [136] In September 1977 he returned to South Africa to speak at the Eastern Cape funeral of Black Consciousness activist Steve Biko, who had been killed by police. [291] In the same year, during a speech in New York City, Tutu observed Israel had a "right to territorial integrity and fundamental security", but criticised Israel's complicity in the Sabra and Shatila massacre and condemned Israel's support for the apartheid regime in South Africa. Desmond Tutu, who won a Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent fight against apartheid in South Africa, died at the age of 90. [43] The newlyweds lived at Tutu's parental home before renting their own six months later. Desmond tutu Nobel Peace Prize winner. I am as passionate about this campaign as I ever was about apartheid. To cite this section MLA style: Desmond Tutu - Interview. The award of the 1984 Nobel Prize for Peace to Tutu sent a significant message to South African Pres. [464], When chairing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Tutu advocated an explicitly Christian model of reconciliation, as part of which he believed that South Africans had to face up to the damages that they had caused and accept the consequences of their actions. [77] During this period, the family moved to Bletchingley in Surrey, where Tutu worked as the assistant curate of St Mary's Church. Look for popular awards and laureates in different fields, and discover the history of the Nobel Prize. [463] [439] He nevertheless described himself as a "man of peace" rather than a pacifist. Desmond Mpilo Tutu Nobel Peace Prize laureate Desmond Tutu won't be speaking at the University of St. Thomas in April because school officials are worried his views on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict would offend . This award is for mothers, who sit at railway stations to try to eke out an existence, selling potatoes, selling mealies, selling produce. [265], In March, violence broke out between supporters of the ANC and of Inkatha in kwaZulu; Tutu joined the SACC delegation in talks with Mandela, de Klerk, and Inkatha leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi in Ulundi. [10] He was his parents' second son; their firstborn boy, Sipho, had died in infancy. [270], Like many activists, Tutu believed a "third force" was stoking tensions between the ANC and Inkatha; it later emerged that intelligence agencies were supplying Inkatha with weapons to weaken the ANC's negotiating position. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Disliking the Act, Tutu and his wife left the teaching profession. [332] After the 1998 Lambeth Conference of bishops reaffirmed the church's opposition to same-sex sexual acts, Tutu stated that he was "ashamed to be an Anglican. [12] Tutu was sickly from birth;[13] polio atrophied his right hand,[14] and on one occasion he was hospitalised with serious burns. [353], Before the 31st G8 summit at Gleneagles, Scotland, in 2005, Tutu called on world leaders to promote free trade with poorer countries and to end expensive taxes on anti-AIDS drugs. An uncompromising foe. [333] Tutu equated discrimination against homosexuals with discrimination against black people and women. [401], Tutu was attracted to Anglicanism because of what he saw as its tolerance and inclusiveness, its appeal to reason alongside scripture and tradition, and the freedom that its constituent churches had from any centralized authority. After the ceremony, Tutu held an open-air Eucharist for 10,000 people at the Cape Showgrounds in Goodwood, where he invited Albertina Sisulu and Allan Boesak to give political speeches. "[328] Tutu presented the five-volume TRC report to Mandela in a public ceremony in Pretoria in October 1998. [63] Many in South Africa's white-dominated Anglican establishment felt the need for more black Africans in positions of ecclesiastical authority; to assist in this, Aelfred Stubbs proposed that Tutu train as a theology teacher at King's College London (KCL). [26] Joining a school rugby team, he developed a lifelong love of the sport. [350] Tutu and Mbeki had long had a strained relationship; Mbeki had accused Tutu of criminalising the ANC's military struggle against apartheid through the TRC, while Tutu disliked Mbeki's active neglect of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. A woman is comforted outside the historical home of Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu, in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, Monday, Dec. 27, 2021. NobelPrize.org. [453], When pressed to describe his ideological position, Tutu described himself as a socialist. Attention was once again directed at the nonviolent path to liberation. [420], Tutu was a committed Christian from boyhood. Before the speech, Desmond Tutu and his relatives and colleagues delivered a traditional song. 4 Mar 2023. [482] Tutu's critical view of Marxist-oriented communism and the governments of the Eastern Bloc, and the comparisons he drew between these administrations and far-right ideologies like Nazism and apartheid brought criticism from the South African Communist Party in 1984. Desmond Tutu hospitalised. He was popular among South Africa's black majority and was internationally praised for his work involving anti-apartheid activism, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize and other international awards. Sat. [431] In his speeches, he stressed that it was apartheidrather than white peoplethat was the enemy. Press release - The Nobel Peace Prize 1984. [448] He expressed his views on theology largely through sermons and addresses rather than in extended academic treatises. In May 1985 he embarked on a speaking tour of the United States,[219] and in October 1985 addressed the political committee of the United Nations General Assembly, urging the international community to impose sanctions on South Africa if apartheid was not dismantled within six months. [472], During Tutu's rise to notability during the 1970s and 1980s, responses to him were "sharply polarized". [458] In 1986, Tutu had defined Ubuntu: "It refers to gentleness, to compassion, to hospitality, to openness to others, to vulnerability, to be available to others and to know that you are bound up with them in the bundle of life. This role was internationally recognised by the awarding of the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize. [280] Tutu attended Mandela's inauguration ceremony; he had planned its religious component, insisting that Christian, Muslim, Jewish, and Hindu leaders all take part. [493], In 2003, Tutu received the Golden Plate Award of the Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Coretta Scott King. [329] Ultimately, Tutu was pleased with the TRC's achievement, believing that it would aid long-term reconciliation, although he recognised its short-comings.[330]. [102] In March 1972, he returned to Britain. He noted that whereas the latter was a quicker and more efficient way of exterminating whole populations, the National Party's policy of forcibly relocating black South Africans to areas where they lacked access to food and sanitation had much the same result. Their work and discoveries range from paleogenomics and click chemistry to documenting war crimes. [349] He questioned the government's spending on armaments, its policy regarding Robert Mugabe's government in Zimbabwe, and the manner in which Nguni-speakers dominated senior positions, stating that this latter issue would stoke ethnic tensions. [370] In 2014, he came out in support of legalised assisted dying,[371][372] revealing that he wanted that option open to him. [6] Zachariah worked as the principal of a Methodist primary school and the family lived in the mud-brick schoolmaster's house in the yard of the Methodist mission. Look for popular awards and laureates in different fields, and discover the history of the Nobel Prize. The remains of Desmond Tutu, the Nobel Peace Prize-winning Anglican archbishop emeritus of Cape Town, were interred early Sunday during a private family service at the city's Anglican cathedral. [293], In October 1994, Tutu announced his intention of retiring as archbishop in 1996. [40], In 1954, Tutu began teaching English at Madibane High School; the following year, he transferred to the Krugersdorp High School, where he taught English and history. He was honoured for his efforts to dismantle the oppressive rule in South Africa. [465] For Tutu, two major questions were being posed by African Christianity; how to replace imported Christian expressions of faith with something authentically African, and how to liberate people from bondage. The Boer churches have disassociated themselves from the organization as a result of the unambiguous stand it has made against apartheid. South Africa eventually held its. He emphasized nonviolent protest and encouraged the application of economic pressure on South Africa. Explore prizes and laureates [244] He telephoned representatives of the American, British, and German governments urging them to pressure Botha on the issue,[245] and personally met with Botha at the latter's Tuynhuys home to discuss the issue. The mid-1980s saw growing clashes between black youths and the security services; Tutu was invited to speak at many of the funerals of those youths killed. [163] He and his wife boycotted a lecture given at the Federal Theological Institute by former British Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home in the 1960s; Tutu noted that they did so because Britain's Conservative Party had "behaved abominably over issues which touched our hearts most nearly". [310] Tutu advocated what liberation theologians call "critical solidarity", offering support for pro-democracy forces while reserving the right to criticise his allies. [1] His mother, Allen Dorothea Mavoertsek Mathlare, was born to a Motswana family in Boksburg. 4 Mar 2023. [189] He was troubled that Reagan had a warmer relationship with South Africa's government than his predecessor Jimmy Carter, describing Reagan's government as "an unmitigated disaster for us blacks". [491], In 1985 the City of Reggio Emilia named Tutu an honorary citizen together with Albertina Sisulu. [391] Du Boulay noted that his "typical African warmth and a spontaneous lack of inhibition" proved shocking to many of the "reticent English" whom he encountered when in England,[392] but that it also meant that he had the "ability to endear himself to virtually everyone who actually meets him". His father was a teacher, and he himself was educated at Johannesburg Bantu High School. [319] In the TRC, Tutu advocated "restorative justice", something which he considered characteristic of traditional African jurisprudence "in the spirit of ubuntu". Yet he would not blame Nelson Mandela and his supporters for having made a different choice. Black theology seeks to make sense of the life experience of the black man, which is largely black suffering at the hands of rampant white racism, and to understand this in the light of what God has said about himself, about man, and about the world in his very definite Word Black theology has to do with whether it is possible to be black and continue to be Christian; it is to ask on whose side is God; it is to be concerned about the humanisation of man, because those who ravage our humanity dehumanise themselves in the process; [it says] that the liberation of the black man is the other side of the liberation of the white manso it is concerned with human liberation. [140] His decision angered many Anglicans in Lesotho, who felt that Tutu was abandoning them. [358], During the 2008 Tibetan unrest, Tutu marched in a pro-Tibet demonstration in San Francisco; there, he called on heads of states to boycott the 2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in Beijing "for the sake of the beautiful people of Tibet". [399] Tutu has also been described as being sensitive,[405] and very easily hurt, an aspect of his personality which he concealed from the public eye;[399] Du Boulay noted that he "reacts to emotional pain" in an "almost childlike way". [221] He also formed a Bishop Tutu Scholarship Fund to financially assist South African students living in exile. [109] He was also attracted to black theology,[110] attending a 1973 conference on the subject at New York City's Union Theological Seminary. [224], After Philip Russell announced his retirement as the Archbishop of Cape Town,[225] in February 1986 the Black Solidarity Group formed a plan to get Tutu appointed as his replacement. This award is for you. [387] Following the funeral, Tutu's remains were to be aquamated; his ashes are interred in St. George's Cathedral.[388]. [411] He had a talent for mimicry , according to Du Boulay, "his humour has none of the cool acerbity that makes for real wit". Tutu, a Nobel Peace Prize winner who helped end the racist regime in South Africa, died last Sunday aged 90. After leaving school he trained first as a teacher at Pretoria Bantu Normal College and in 1954 he graduated from the University of South Africa. [128], After seven months as dean, Tutu was nominated to become the Bishop of Lesotho. [209] For these militants, Tutu's calls for non-violence were perceived as an obstacle to revolution. Several outreach organisations and activities have been developed to inspire generations and disseminate knowledge about the Nobel Prize. Desmond Tutu was a South African Anglican cleric, outspoken opponent of apartheid and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. [238] He secured approval for the ordination of female priests in the Anglican church, having likened the exclusion of women from the position to apartheid. [91] He joined student delegations to meetings of the Anglican Students' Federation and the University Christian Movement,[92] and was broadly supportive of the Black Consciousness Movement that emerged from South Africa's 1960s student milieu, although did not share its view on avoiding collaboration with whites. [305] The Desmond Tutu School of Theology at Fort Hare University was launched in 2002. Desmond Tutu was a South African Anglican archbishop best known for his opposition to apartheid in South Africa, for which he received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1984. [421] Prayer was a big part of his life; he often spent an hour in prayer at the start of each day, and would ensure that every meeting or interview that he was part of was preceded by a short prayer. [446] Later in life, he also spoke out against various African leaders, for instance describing Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe as the "caricature of an African dictator", who had "gone bonkers in a big way". [376] Tutu was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 after being nominated thrice prior in '81, '82, and '83 for his non-violent tactics in dismantling apartheid. [114] Bavin suggested that Tutu take his newly vacated position, that of the dean of St Mary's Cathedral, Johannesburg. [89] He also became the Anglican chaplain to the neighbouring University of Fort Hare;[90] in an unusual move for the time, Tutu invited female as well as male students to become servers during the Eucharist. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). . Personal Birth date: October 7, 1931 Death date: December 26, 2021 Birth place: Klerksdorp, Transvaal, South Africa I can't buy that. [396] Tutu was rarely angry in his personal contacts with others, although could become so if he felt that his integrity was being challenged. [448] [116] Moving to the city, Tutu lived not in the official dean's residence in the white suburb of Houghton but rather in a house on a middle-class street in the Orlando West township of Soweto, a largely impoverished black area. Desmond Tutu attended St. Peters Theological College in Johannesburg and was ordained an Anglican priest in 1961. In 1984, Desmond Tutu was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace, "not only as a gesture of support to him and to the South African Council of Churches of which he is leader, but also to all individuals and groups in South Africa who, with their concern for human dignity, fraternity and democracy, incite the admiration of the world." ), Prize motivation: for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa. There is a great deal of goodwill still in our country between the races. [367] He criticised the memorials held for Mandela, stating that they gave too much prominence to the ANC and marginalised Afrikaners. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Tutu received numerous honours, including the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009), an award from the Mo Ibrahim Foundation that recognized his lifelong commitment to speaking truth to power (2012), and the Templeton Prize (2013). [349] He made the same points three months later when giving the annual Nelson Mandela Lecture in Johannesburg. [71] The family moved into the curate's flat behind the Church of St Alban the Martyr in Golders Green, where Tutu assisted Sunday services, the first time that he had ministered to a white congregation. Desmond Tutu drew national and international attention to the iniquities of apartheid. [111], In 1975, Tutu was nominated to be the new Bishop of Johannesburg, although he lost out to Timothy Bavin. "The leadership role of emeritus Archbishop Desmond Tutu in the social development of the South African society. It is usually the most spiritual who can rejoice in all created things and Tutu has no problem in reconciling the sacred and the secular, but critics note a conflict between his socialist ideology and his desire to live comfortably, dress well and lead a life that, while unexceptional in Europe or America, is considered affluent, tainted with capitalism, in the eyes of the deprived black community of South Africa. [23] Several months later, he moved with his father to Ermelo, eastern Transvaal. Dec 26, 20211:09 PM. It is a Christian organization with a definite bias in favour of the oppressed and the exploited ones of our society. MLA style: The Nobel Peace Prize 1984. Bothas administration. Interview with Desmond Tutu by freelance journalist Marika Griehsel in Gothenburg, Sweden, 28 September 2007.Desmond Tutu talks about what makes a good leade. [220] Proceeding to the United Kingdom, he met with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. If we don't act against HIV-AIDS, it may succeed, for it is already decimating our population. [235] Such projects led to Tutu's ministry taking up an increasingly large portion of the Anglican church's budget, which Tutu sought to expand through requesting donations from overseas. [402] Du Boulay noted that "his attention to the detail of people's lives is remarkable", for he would be meticulous in recording and noting people's birthdays and anniversaries. See them all presented here. He then attended St. Peters Theological College in Johannesburg and was ordained an Anglican priest in 1961. NobelPrize.org. [132] In August, Tutu was enthroned as the Bishop of Lesotho in a ceremony at Maseru's Cathedral of St Mary and St James; thousands attended, including King Moshoeshoe II and Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan. The Nobel laureate Desmond Tutu has called on Aung San Suu Kyi to end military-led operations against Myanmar's Rohingya minority, which have driven 270,000 refugees from the country in the. [393], Du Boulay noted that as a child, Tutu had been hard-working and "unusually intelligent". Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a Nobel Peace laureate who described himself as "passionately opposed to the death penalty," died in Cape Town, South Africa on December 26, 2021. . [25], Tutu entered the Johannesburg Bantu High School in 1945, where he excelled academically. [181] The fact that he was "an object of hate" for many was something that deeply pained him.[475]. [348], In 2004, he gave the inaugural lecture at the Church of Christ the King, where he commended the achievements made in South Africa over the previous decade although warned of widening wealth disparity among its population. [147] His efforts gained him international recognition; the closing years of the 1970s saw him elected a fellow of KCL and receive honorary doctorates from the University of Kent, General Theological Seminary, and Harvard University. [118] He encountered some resistance to his attempts to modernise the liturgies used by the congregation,[119] including his attempts to replace masculine pronouns with gender neutral ones. Upon stepping down and becoming an Honorary Elder, he said: "As Elders we should always oppose presidents for Life. [35] Instead, he turned toward teaching, gaining a government scholarship for a course at Pretoria Bantu Normal College, a teacher training institution, in 1951. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Desmond Tutu, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and veteran of South Africa's struggle against white minority rule, has died aged 90. [78] In the village, he encouraged cooperation between his Anglican parishioners and the local Roman Catholic and Methodist communities. [32] In 1947, Tutu contracted tuberculosis and was hospitalised in Rietfontein for 18 months, during which he was regularly visited by Huddleston. [294] At the invitation of Palestinian bishop Samir Kafity, he undertook a Christmas pilgrimage to Jerusalem, where he gave a sermon near Bethlehem, in which he called for a two-state solution. [300] Tutu was succeeded as archbishop by Njongonkulu Ndungane. Your cause is unjust. [483] According to Gish, Tutu "faced the perpetual dilemma of all moderates he was often viewed suspiciously by the two hostile sides he sought to bring together". [237] In church meetings, Tutu drew upon traditional African custom by adopting a consensus-building model of leadership, seeking to ensure that competing groups in the church reached a compromise and thus all votes would be unanimous rather than divided. [29] He then returned to Johannesburg, moving into an Anglican hostel near the Church of Christ the King in Sophiatown. "[106] In Nigeria, he expressed concern at Igbo resentment following the crushing of their Republic of Biafra. Fought for Mandela [301] This took place between 1998 and 2000, and during the period he wrote a book about the TRC, No Future Without Forgiveness. South African. [419] On Fridays, he fasted until supper. [455] While identifying with socialism, he opposed forms of socialism like MarxismLeninism which promoted communism, being critical of MarxismLeninism's promotion of atheism. [124] He held a 24-hour vigil for racial harmony at the cathedral where he prayed for activists detained under the act. Eloff. Whether or not he accepts the intellectual respectability of our activity is largely irrelevant. Tutu continued his activism even after the country's democratic transition in South Africa in the early 1990s. This autobiography/biography was written [478] Said whites often accused him of being a tool of the communists. [99] As well as his teaching position, he also became the college's Anglican chaplain and the warden of two student residences. [273] After the South African Communist Party leader Chris Hani was assassinated, Tutu spoke at Hani's funeral outside Soweto. Tutu also campaigned to fight AIDS, homophobia, poverty and racism. We will proceed regardless. [347] [94] In September, Fort Hare students held a sit-in protest over the university administration's policies; after they were surrounded by police with dogs, Tutu waded into the crowd to pray with the protesters. [408] Church leaders organised a protest march, and after that too was banned they established the Committee for the Defense of Democracy. [339], Tutu retained his interest in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and after the signing of the Oslo Accords was invited to Tel Aviv to attend the Peres Center for Peace. [166] After Thorne was arrested in May, Tutu and Joe Wing led a protest march during which they were arrested, imprisoned overnight, and fined. [411] In 1988, Du Boulay described him as "a spokesman for his people, a voice for the voiceless". [393] Some black anti-apartheid activists regarded him as too moderate,[481] and in particular too focused on cultivating white goodwill. [50] The college was residential, and Tutu lived there while his wife trained as a nurse in Sekhukhuneland; their children lived with Tutu's parents in Munsieville. For his work against apartheid. [262] Tutu invited Mandela to attend an Anglican synod of bishops in February 1990, at which the latter described Tutu as the "people's archbishop". [412] His application of humour included jokes that made a point about apartheid;[413] "the whites think the black people want to drive them into the sea. [268] As the ANC-Inkatha violence spread from kwaZulu into the Transvaal, Tutu toured affected townships in Witwatersrand,[269] later meeting with victims of the Sebokeng and Boipatong massacres. The Bible accepted slavery. Nobel Peace Prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu checked into a South African hospital Wednesday for treatment of a persistent infection, his foundation announced. [7], The Tutus were poor;[8] describing his family, Tutu later related that "although we weren't affluent, we were not destitute either". The Nobel Peace Prize 1984 was awarded to Desmond Mpilo Tutu "for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa" To cite this section MLA style: The Nobel Peace Prize 1984. [452] When, in the late 1980s, there were suggestions that he should take political office, he rejected the idea. Tutu, 81, also will undergo tests at the hospital in Cape Town to determine the cause of the infection, the Desmond and Leah Tutu Legacy Foundation said. [185], In 1984, Tutu embarked on a three-month sabbatical at the General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church in New York. [129] Although Tutu did not want the position, he was elected to it in March 1976 and reluctantly accepted. [410] Quick witted, he used humour to try and win over audiences. Tutu was saluted by the Nobel Committee for his clear views and his fearless stance, characteristics which had made him a unifying symbol for all African freedom fighters. Tutu celebrates his 90th birthday in Cape Town on 7 October 2021. [450] Du Boulay, however, noted that Tutu was "most at home" with the UDF umbrella organisation,[451] and that his views on a multi-racial alliance against apartheid placed him closer to the approach of the ANC and UDF than the blacks-only approach favoured by the PAC and Black Consciousness groups like AZAPO. Desmond Tutu has formulated his objective as "a democratic and just society without racial divisions", and has set forward the following points as minimum demands: 1. equal civil rights for all 2. the abolition of South Africa's passport laws 3. a common system of education Several outreach organisations and activities have been developed to inspire generations and disseminate knowledge about the Nobel Prize. [79] Tutu's time in London helped him to jettison any bitterness to whites and feelings of racial inferiority; he overcame his habit of automatically deferring to whites. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born on 7 October 1931 in Klerksdorp, Transvaal, South Africa. [499] In 2013, he received the 1.1m (US$1.6m) Templeton Prize for "his life-long work in advancing spiritual principles such as love and forgiveness". After the end of apartheid, Tutu became "perhaps the world's most prominent religious leader advocating gay and lesbian rights", according to Allen. [252] In August 1989 he helped to organise an "Ecumenical Defiance Service" at St George's Cathedral,[253] and shortly after joined protests at segregated beaches outside Cape Town. [88], Tutu joined a pan-Protestant group, the Church Unity Commission,[85] served as a delegate at Anglican-Catholic conversations,[89] and began publishing in academic journals. [120], Tutu used his position to speak out on social issues,[121] publicly endorsing an international economic boycott of South Africa over apartheid.
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