However, there were substantial increases in wealth of the members who fell into this category. In total, the study looks at 320 Republicans, 296 Democrats and two Independents. For a direct comparison to each individual member's figures (as shown on his or her Ballotpedia profile), the yearly median change will correspond with each member's average yearly change. [7], This requirement also extends to candidates for federal office, senior congressional staff, nominees for executive branch positions, Cabinet members, the president and vice president and Supreme Court justices. The following is Nancy Pelosi's net worth milestones: In 2009, the Center for Responsive Politics (CRP) claimed that Pelosi's net worth was $58,436,537. This is apart from the net worth of his wife Nancy. [113], In June 2018, Pelosi visited a federal facility used to detain migrant children separated from their parents and subsequently called for the resignation of Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen. In addition, Pelosi could. [194] In April 2019, Trump vowed to defy "all" subpoenas from the House and to refuse to allow current or former administration officials to testify before House committees. They sent Bush a letter reading: [T]here is no purely military solution in Iraq. Paul Pelosi Net Worth is around to be over $130 Million. It's estimated at around $120 million. "[144] She said "this is Armageddon" and argued that the tax bill increased the debt in a way that would adversely impact social insurance spending. She said Israeli annexation would undermine U.S. national security interests. broward health medical center human resources phone number; steve watson obituary poplar bluff mo; new york state standard deduction 2022; Sign Up. [234], On the eve of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, Pelosi advised American athletes competing: "I would say to our athletes, 'You're there to compete. [124] She also supports use of medical marijuana. This was contrary to regulations enforced at that time preventing service indoors. She has expressed concern about the danger of nuclear proliferation from the North Korean regime, and the ongoing problems of hunger and oppression imposed by that country's leadership. The attitude was, 'We don't care what you do to those guys as long as you get the information you need to protect the American people. [116], Pelosi has long supported LGBT rights. A week earlier, she had told The Washington Post that, although Democrats would not set out to impeach Bush, "you never know where" investigations might lead. She was also the second Speaker from a state west of the Rocky Mountains. "[198] Privately, Pelosi expressed concern that focusing on impeachment would imperil the Democrats' House majority; she preferred to focus on other legislation. Speaker Nancy Pelosi's husband, Paul Pelosi, won big on Alphabet Inc. stock and added bets on Amazon.com Inc. and Apple Inc. in the weeks leading up . A limitation to the data set is that the whole picture of wealth growth while in Congress is unavailable for those members who entered office prior to 2004. [70], In February 2018, Pelosi sent a letter to Speaker Paul Ryan about the proposed public release of a memo prepared by Republican staff at the direction of House Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nunes. [66], In 2017, after Democrats lost four consecutive special elections in the House of Representatives, Pelosi's leadership was again called into question. . She was subsequently reelected to two more terms in her own right. Census figures were unavailable for the raw, excluding home equity figure -- this figure is an estimate calculated by applying the 2005 ratio of net worth excluding home equity to the net worth figure available for 2004 (which included home equity). I don't think it's been successful, and I think we have to remove the travel bans and have more exchangespeople to people exchanges with Cuba. [155][156], In 2019, Pelosi said climate change was "the existential threat of our time" and called for action to curb it. [37][38] At times, centrists, progressive candidates and incumbent Democrats all expressed opposition to her continued tenure. On November 28, House Democrats nominated Pelosi to once again serve as Speaker. This data affords constituents the ability to see the real increase (or decrease) of each member's net worth. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) While a personal fortune of $120 million doesn't exactly land Pelosi in the billionaire boys club that, and the fact that she's not a boy it's still nothing to be sneezed, coughed, or even sniffled at (particularly if you're not wearing a . [190] On August 15, after Trump revoked the security clearance of former CIA director John Brennan, Pelosi said the move was "a stunning abuse of power [and] a pathetic attempt to silence critics", and an attempt by Trump to distract attention from other issues of his administration. Very controversial, the posts were actually flagged by Facebook for fake news. For a complete list of members and their net worth changes, please click "show" below. The daughter of Baltimore's former mayor and. Getting exact into the numbers, Nancy Pelosi amasses a whopping net worth of $114.7 million, thanks to her amazing career in American politics, right at the very top. Percentage increase is not meaningful for this candidate as the initial average net worth is less than or equal to zero. Ambassador to the European Union Gordon Sondland and Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Vindman, a National Security Council official. She indicated her support for the Republican plan to expand Health Savings Accounts and said the question of Republicans' accepting an expansion of Medicaid was important. He was the owner of the Sacramento Mountain Lions of the United Football League. Earlier this year, a few memes went viral on social media, saying that Nancy Pelosi had a net worth of $196,299,990, and insinuating this money was "earned" corruptly. [135] Subsequently, several leading Democratic lawmakers in the House signed a letter on June 26, 2009, alleging CIA Director Leon Panetta had asserted that the CIA misled Congress for a "number of years" spanning back to 2001, casting clouds on the controversy. [42], After becoming Speaker in January 2007, Pelosi held firm against impeachment, notwithstanding strong support for it among her constituents. According to the most recent estimates, she is worth about $120 million. Nancy Pelosi is an American politician who has a net worth of $120 million. Filers must disclose positions they hold with non-governmental organizations, except for their membership in religious, social, fraternal or political organizations. The Census Bureau, the source of the average citizen data, breaks down net worth into wealth categories. Blocking of impeachment proceedings against President Bush, Opposition to Iraq War troop surge of 2007, Commission to consider use of 25th Amendment, Involvement in Italian-American community. [313][314], The nonpartisan OpenSecrets estimated in 2009 that Pelosi's average net worth was approximately $58 million, ranking her 13th among 25 wealthiest members of Congress. [129][130][131] After the briefing, Pelosi said she "was assured by lawyers with the CIA and the Department of Justice that the methods were legal". [178], With regard to Representative Charles Rangel's (D-NY) plan to introduce legislation that would reinstate the draft, Pelosi said she did not support it. [161], Pelosi was instrumental in passing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. Nancy Pelosi wiki. U.S. Customs and Border Protection reported that nearly 19,000 unaccompanied minors arrived in March. [6] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, also a Democrat, was elected Baltimore City Council president and later served as mayor from 1967 to 1971. [214] Before Trump's February 4, 2020 State of the Union Address, the day before the Senate impeachment vote, Trump and Pelosi exchanged mutual snubs. [9] In 1976, she was elected as a Democratic National Committee member from California, a position she would hold until 1996. What's more, she has invested $33 million in various tech stocks including Amazon . Nancy Patricia Pelosi is an American politician serving as Speaker of the United States House of . As the house speaker, she is the highest-paid member of Congress. [132] Two unnamed former Bush administration officials say the briefing was detailed and graphic, and at the time she did not raise substantial objections. ", "Pelosi accuses Trump of deserting Kurds in 'foolish attempt to appease an authoritarian strongman', "Pelosi in Jordan for 'vital discussions' amid Syria crisis", "U.S. House speaker Pelosi makes unannounced visit to Afghanistan", "US House Speaker: Armenian Genocide Measure Will Go Forward", "Turkey's PM says U.S. relations in danger", "Vote on Armenian 'genocide' resolution put off", "House Passes Resolution Recognizing Armenian Genocide", "Pelosi, Congressional Delegation Statement on Visit to Kyiv, Ukraine", "Pelosi concludes secret visit to Ukraine", "California 11th Congressional District Primary Election Results", "Pelosi: Remarks at Georgetown University School of Foreign Commencement", "Baltimore-bred lawmaker lives, breathes politics", "Speaker Nancy Pelosi: "I'm the mother of five, grandmother of nine. [86] In 2022, Pelosi was reelected, but the Democratic Party lost the House majority. She has applauded Israeli "hopeful signs" of offering land while criticizing Palestinian "threats" of not demonstrating peace in turn. Here's a closer look at the life and fortune of Nancy Pelosi. . On March 19, Paul Pelosi exercised call options and paid $1.95 . A median is the middle value of a list. This was set by the "Ethics in Government Act of 1978." Stylist backs her up", "The Progressive Caucus Has A Chance To Be More Influential Than Ever", "Pelosi: Reauthorization of Patriot Act a Massive Invasion of Privacy", "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 296: H J RES 10", "Pelosi visits detention facility, says DHS secretary should resign", "Pelosi: GOP immigration bill is 'a compromise with the devil', "Nancy Pelosi sparks backlash for saying border on a 'good path' as U.S. sees most unaccompanied minors ever", "Top state Dems criticize S.F. The coach would be out and there would be a new strategy put in place. Nancy Pelosi was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to an Italian-American family. 1 (107th): No Child Left Behind Act of 2001House Vote #497Dec 13, 2001", "No Child Left BehindThe New Rules | Testing Our Schools", "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Drilling Amendment", "Pelosi blocks offshore drilling vote GOP wants", "How Nancy Pelosi saved the Affordable Care Act", "Nancy Pelosi HeckledSarah Palin Promises November Vote", "Pelosi declines to endorse Sen. Bernie Sanders' single-payer healthcare bill", "Pelosi not endorsing Sanders' single-payer bill", "Pelosi says Democrats willing to deal on health-care fixes if GOP reaches out", "Pelosi: Democrats will 'put a stake in the heart' of ObamaCare repeal after McCain opposition", "Nancy Pelosi pushes for national health care plan during Milwaukee visit", "Pelosi says she'll be Speaker 'to protect the Affordable Care Act', "Representative Pelosi on Abortion Issues", "Archbishop: Pelosi comments on abortion are false", "Pelosi Statement on Supreme Court Overturning Roe v. Wade", "Pelosi calls for 'boldest possible' gun legislation", "Pelosi: Gun victims 'paying the price for our inaction', "Pelosi: Americans 'deserve real action' on gun control after California shooting", "Nancy Pelosi: Trump 'needs sleep' and she's 'worried' about his fitness", "Pelosi: Impeaching Trump 'not someplace that I think we should go', "Pelosi: Trump's 'performance' devoid of 'serious policy ideas', "Pelosi: Focus on Trump's agenda, not Stormy Daniels", "Pelosi: Libby pardon shows that 'obstructing justice will be rewarded' by Trump", "Pelosi: Trump revoking Brennan's clearance a 'pathetic attempt to silence critics', "Venezuelan crisis deepens as Trump backs opposition", "With Sweeping Document Request, Democrats Launch Broad Trump Corruption Inquiry", "Trump vows stonewall of 'all' House subpoenas, setting up fight over powers", "Pelosi once resisted impeachment; now it shapes her legacy", "Nancy Pelosi Announces Formal Impeachment Inquiry of Trump", "Don McGahn won't comply with House Democrats' subpoena", "Democrats subpoena former White House Counsel Don McGahn, but downplay Trump impeachment talk", "Justice Dept. But Pelosi dismissed Obama's compunction, mocking his scaled-back ideas as "kiddie care. [290] She also favored arming Syria's rebel fighters. [223], Since the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, Pelosi has opposed expanding trade relationships with China until it improves its human rights record. She also said Iraq was the major issue facing the 110th Congress while incorporating some Democratic Party beliefs: The election of 2006 was a call to changenot merely to change the control of Congress, but for a new direction for our country. [170], Pelosi voted against the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 and earlier attempts at similar bans, and voted against the criminalization of certain situations where a minor is transported across state lines for an abortion (HR 748, passed). [93] She declined to allow Trump to give the State of the Union Address in the House of Representatives chamber while the shutdown was ongoing. "[278], In December 2017, Pelosi wrote a letter to Speaker Paul Ryan advocating for the continued House investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election on the grounds that Americans deserved "a comprehensive and fair investigation into Russia's attack" and "America's democracy and national security" being at stake. mary katherine backstrom net worth 2020; blackstone managing director salary. Pelosi has served as the 'Speaker of the United States House of Representatives' since 2019. (John Minchillo/AP) There . She picked Pelosi as her designated successor, guaranteeing her the support of the Burtons' contacts. [90][91] Her second speakership, and her participation in the House Democratic Party leadership, concluded on January 3, 2023, at the end of the 117th Congress. Between 2004-2012, the median American household[41] saw an inflation-adjusted decrease of assets from $18,990 in 2004[42] to $17,557 in 2012. Issa's wealth is triple that of second-placed Michael McCaul ($117.54 million). [173], In a January 25, 2009, interview with George Stephanopoulos for ABC News, Pelosi said that one of the reasons she supported family planning services was that they would "reduce costs to states and to the federal government. She has also voted to remove an amendment that would allow for oil and gas exploration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. [281] She said Putin would not be welcomed by Congress even if he visited Washington as a result of his actions: "Putin's ongoing attacks on our elections and on Western democracies and his illegal actions in Crimea and the rest of Ukraine deserve the fierce, unanimous condemnation of the international community, not a VIP ticket to our nation's capital." She called the ruling an injustice that should "shock the conscience of the world". Any liability or loan where the filer, his or her spouse or his or her dependent children owed more than $10,000 at any time during the calendar year. She has represented California's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives since 1987. She was the first woman in U.S. history to hold that post. Pelosi's drastic growth, from an initial $21.7 million in 2009, is attributed to stock gains and smart investments. [256], In 2002, Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President George W. Bush to use military force against Iraq, which passed the House on a 296133 vote. House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi 1987 financial disclosure report, May 13, 1988 PolitiFact, "No, Nancy Pelosi's net worth is not $196 million," Feb. 3, 2020 USA Today, "Fact. [167] In September, Pelosi sent a letter to Democrats praising Senator John McCain for announcing his opposition to the latest Republican effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act and called on lawmakers and advocacy groups alike to pressure Republicans in the health-care discussion. From their 2009 required candidacy filing to 2012. I do not understand how someone can legally make 120 million dollars while working for congress. The 80-year-old speaker and her husband Paul Pelosi's combined net worth falls somewhere between $43. [168], In July 2018, during a speech at Independence First, Pelosi said Democrats' goal "has always been to expand coverage and to do so in a way that improves benefits and we have to address the affordability issue that is so undermined by the Republicans. [83][84], In December 2021, Pelosi announced her candidacy for reelection to the House in 2022. Rep. Young passed away on October 18, 2013. "[259] In explaining her opposition to the resolution, Pelosi said CIA Director George Tenet had told Congress the likelihood of Saddam Hussein's launching an attack on the U.S. using weapons of mass destruction was low, saying: "This is about the Constitution It is about this Congress asserting its right to declare war when we are fully aware what the challenges are to us. [251] On January 12, 2007, Congressman Walter B. Jones of North Carolina introduced a resolution[252] requiring thatabsent a national emergency created by an attack, or a demonstrably imminent attack, by Iran upon the United States or its armed forcesthe president must consult with Congress and receive specific authorization prior to initiating any use of military force against Iran. The couple's estimated net worth rose by $56.9 million from 2010 to 2020, according to Sludge's analysis of annual disclosures. "[172] In February 2009, Pelosi met with her bishop, Archbishop George Hugh Niederauer of San Francisco, and with Pope Benedict XVI regarding the controversy. [151], In August 2018, after Trump signed an emergency declaration for federal aid in combating the Carr Fire in Northern California, Pelosi called the move "an important first step" but requested that Trump accede to California Governor Jerry Brown's request for further aid to other hard-hit areas in California. But there was no objecting, no hand-wringing. isn't worth $196 million "Nancy . Jeff Denham (R -Turlock ) $6.2 million minimum net worth. It is a moment for which we have waited more than 200 years. [171], She has voted in favor of lifting the ban on privately funded abortions at overseas U.S. military facilities (HA 209, rejected); in favor of an amendment that would repeal a provision forbidding servicewomen and dependents from getting an abortion in overseas military hospitals (HA 722, rejected); and in favor of stripping the prohibition of funding for organizations working overseas that use their own funds to provide abortion services, or engage in advocacy related to abortion services (HA 997, rejected). For example, for. She added that Republicans were engaged in a "cover-up campaign" to protect Trump: "House Republicans' pattern of obstruction and cover-up to hide the truth about the Trump-Russia scandal represents a threat to our intelligence and our national security. [262] She has emphasized that "a strong relationship between the United States and Israel has long been supported by both Democrats and Republicans. Pelosi did note the scandal as having highlighted a double standard of Republicans on issues of family values and expectations of presidential behavior, saying the party would be very involved if the event was happening to a Democrat. The average change in net worth for the members in this study was 72.6 percent. There is only a political solution. [183], During Trump administration, Pelosi voted in line with the president's stated position 17.6% of the time. Her estimated net worth added to his brings the total to around $202 million. Paul Pelosi was attacked in the . The median American citizen [4] saw his or her household net worth decrease from 2004 to 2012 by an annual rate of -0.94 percent, while members of Congress experienced a median annual increase of 1.55 percent. [287] During her visit, she conveyed Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert message for peace, and toured in Al-Hamidiyah Souq,[288] and the Umayyad Mosque. Her husband, Paul, owns real estate and venture capital firm Financial Leasing Services. This report compared average and median data, and in both cases the growth of congressional net worth significantly outpaced that of the American citizen. Pelosi has led the House Democrats since 2003the first woman to lead a party in . As of February 2023, Nancy Pelosi's net worth is estimated to be roughly $120 Million. She called on the Trump administration to take "real, urgent action to combat the threat of the climate crisis, which is making the wildfire season longer, more expensive and more destructive". Nowhere were the American people more clear about the need for a new direction than in Iraq. In February 2013, she called for the "Boldest possible move" on gun control, similar to a stance made just weeks earlier by former Representative, mass shooting victim, and fellow gun control advocate Gabby Giffords. Pelosi seems to deploy a LEAP option strategy of building low-cost exposure to a few large-cap tech stocks using options, buying slightly in-the-money contracts expiring in 12-to-18 months. [27], Pelosi supported her longtime friend, John Murtha of Pennsylvania, for the position of House majority leader, the second-ranking post in the House Democratic caucus. She questioned Trump's refusal to implement Russian sanctions after more than 500 members of Congress voted to approve them. The period studied is 2004-2012, or from the year the incumbent took office, if it was after 2004. Pelosi cited the need for Congress to "fully investigate Russia's assault on our election systems to prevent future foreign attacks". This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or his or her first year in office (as noted in the chart below). Of representatives Louise Slaughter and Tim Walz, who drafted the bill, Pelosi said they "shined a light on a gaping hole in our ethics laws and helped close it once and for all". Pelosi married Nancy Pelosi (ne D'Alesandro), the 52nd Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, on September 7, 1963, at the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen in Baltimore, Maryland. . During her speech, she discussed the historical importance of being the first female to hold the position of Speaker: This is a historic momentfor the Congress, and for the women of this country. [224] In 1999, ahead of Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji's visit to the US for talks over World Trade Organization admission for China, Pelosi called on President Clinton and Vice President Gore to ask Zhu to recognize the 1989 protests as a pro-democracy effort. "[174], Pelosi stands in favor of increased background checks for potential gun owners, as well as the banning of assault weapons. 100% remote. [137], Officials in Congress say her ability to challenge the practices may have been hampered by strict rules of secrecy that prohibited her from taking notes or consulting legal experts or members of her own staffs. "[169] In November 2018, after Democrats gained a majority in the House in the midterm elections, she said, "I'm staying as Speaker to protect the Affordable Care Act. After redistricting from the 2010 Census, Pelosi ran in California's 12th congressional district, which she represented the entire decade. "[217] Pelosi also said Trump's speech "had no contact with reality whatsoever"[218] and suggested the president appeared "a little sedated" during the address. That's my main issue, because I think that's, again, about the health and financial health of the America's families, and if Hillary had won, I could go home." "[282], On multiple occasions, Pelosi said of Trump, "With him, all roads lead to Putin," including with regard to the Trump-Ukraine scandal,[283] a lack of action against the alleged Russian bounty program,[284] and Trump's incitement of the January 6 United States Capitol attack. Never losing faith, we worked to redeem the promise of America, that all men and women are created equal. [273], Nancy Pelosi is one of the few members of Congress to have traveled to North Korea. [146][147] Most companies that awarded bonuses gave out payments of hundreds of dollars, while some gave bonuses significantly over $1,000. Mar 03, 11:58 AM EST . [228], Pelosi criticized the imprisonment of Hong Kong democracy activists in August 2017 for their roles in a protest at the Civic Square in front of the Central Government Complex in Hong Kong. Police arrested a suspect, 42-year-old David DePape, at the scene, who has been charged federally with attempting to kidnap Nancy Pelosi and assaulting a relative of a federal official, as well as six state charges.[329]. [111] She voted against a Constitutional amendment banning flag-burning. What is Nancy Pelosis net worth. This net worth has been primarily earned outside of congress, including through various investments and outside purchases. [298], The resolution was passed during Pelosi's second term as Speaker. The CEO out. [24] The change in control meant as House Minority Leader, Pelosi was widely expected to become Speaker of the House in the next Congress. '"[134], These techniques later became controversial, and in 2007 Pelosi's office said she had protested their use at the time, and she concurred with objections raised by Democratic colleague Jane Harman in a letter to the CIA in early 2003. Net Worth of Nancy Pelosi. It was a such a dirty speech. America's commitment to the safety and security of the State of Israel is unwavering [h]owever, the war in Iraq has made both America and Israel less safe." According to multiple sources, rather than impeachment, she wanted to see Trump lose to a Democrat in the 2020 election, following which he could be prosecuted. Official in Inquiry Called a 'Hero', "Open Letter from the Congress of the United States", "Democrats Say Panetta Admits CIA Misled Them", "Pelosi: I didn't know about use of waterboarding", "Balanced Budget Proposed Constitutional Amendment", "Shadegg Finds House Wage Hike A Bit Fishy", "Pelosi denounces GOP tax reform as 'armageddon', "To sell tax cuts during State of the Union, GOP group attacks Pelosi", "Nearly half of Americans agree with Nancy Pelosi's 'crumbs' comment, according to a poll by a pro-Trump group", "Donald Trump says tax bill led to bonuses for three million workers", "Pelosi touts bipartisan potential of infrastructure", "HAIL SATAN: IT LOOKS LIKE INFRASTRUCTURE WEEK IS COMING EARLY THIS YEAR", "Trump torpedoes meeting with Democrats, blasts Pelosi's 'cover-up' accusation", "Pelosi urges Trump to expand disaster relief for California wildfires", "H.R. As illustrated in the "Top 100" chart above, the average yearly percentage gain was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation. [10] She was elected as party chair for Northern California in 1977, and four years later was selected to head the California Democratic Party, which she led until 1983. . [4], Pelosi helped her father at his campaign events, and she attended President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address in January 1961. His saber-rattling and provocative, impulsive rhetoric erode our credibility. [80], On February 4, 2020, at the conclusion of Trump's State of the Union address, Pelosi tore up her official copy of it. They are both powerful earners and wise investors who have built a large estate together through the many years they have been together as partners in business and life. In July 2015, Pelosi said she was convinced Obama would have enough votes to secure the Iran nuclear deal, crediting the president with having made a "very strong and forceful presentation of his case supporting the nuclear agreement with Iran" and called the deal "a diplomatic masterpiece". [56], In November 2011, 60 Minutes alleged that Pelosi and several other members of Congress had used information they gleaned from closed sessions to make money on the stock market. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. [2], In 1958, Pelosi graduated from the Institute of Notre Dame, an all-girls Catholic high school in Baltimore. [140], As Speaker of the House, she spearheaded the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 as part of the 100-Hour Plan. [263] Before the 2006 elections in the Palestinian Authority, she voted for a Congressional initiative that disapproved of participation in the elections by Hamas and other organizations the legislation defined as terrorist. [214] Pelosi's action was criticized by Trump and others. Nancy Pelosi was born on March 26, 1940 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. [192] In January 2019 she supported President Trump in his decision to back the leader of the opposition Juan Guaid during Venezuelan protests and constitutional crisis. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman elected Speaker and the first woman to lead a major political party in either chamber of Congress, leading the House Democrats for 20 years, from 2003 to 2023.