The earthworks were removed by 1869. [75] The Marylanders serving in the Union Army were overwhelmingly in favor of the new Constitution, supporting ratification by a margin of 2,633 to 263.[75]. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963. Disappointingly for the exiles, recruits did not flock to the Confederate banner. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Duncan, Richard Ray. Belle Isle operated from 1862 to 1865. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. Maryland Meanwhile, General Winfield Scott, who was in charge of military operations in Maryland indicated in correspondence with the head of Pennsylvania troops that the route through Baltimore would resume once sufficient troops were available to secure Baltimore.[17]. My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. [82] A home for retired Confederate soldiers in Pikesville, Maryland opened in 1888 and did not close until 1932. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. 45-50 minutes. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Harpers Ferry and the Civil War Chronology As the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War continues, discover Marylands authentic stories through one Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. See Introduction, p. xxxiv. Visit places and meet people who faced decisions and experienced wartime during those tumultuous times 150 years ago. Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. In a letter explaining his actions, Booth wrote: I have ever held the South was right. Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. Suitable for adults and young adults. Web1 Antietam National Battlefield 2 Monocacy National Battlefield 3 National Museum of Join Our Email List Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1142195385, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Scharf, J. Thomas (1967 (reissue of 1879 ed.)). WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. [38][39], The following month in November 1861, Judge Richard Bennett Carmichael, a presiding state circuit court judge in Maryland, was imprisoned without charge for releasing, due to his concern that arrests were arbitrary and civil liberties had been violated, many of the southern sympathizers seized in his jurisdiction. He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. One feature of the new constitution was a highly restrictive oath of allegiance which was designed to reduce the influence of Southern sympathizers, and to prevent such individuals from holding public office of any kind. Frederick County and Washington County, MD | Sep 14, 1862. In early summer 1864, theUnions prospects for victory in the Civil War brightened when Union General Ulysses Grant besiegedRichmond. The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. Captain Henry Wirz, commandant at Andersonville, was executed as a war criminal for not providing adequate supplies and shelter for the prisoners. "Lincoln's divided backyard: Maryland in the Civil War era" (PhD dissertation, Rice University, 2010), Crittenden, Amy Gray. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (nps.gov) parallels the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., to Antietam. [citation needed], Thousands of Union troops were stationed in Charles County, and the Federal Government established a large, unsheltered prison camp at Point Lookout at Maryland's southern tip in St. Mary's County between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay, where thousands of Confederates were kept, often in harsh conditions. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. The city was in panic. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. Camp Cadwalader: Locust Point During the Civil War Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the opposing factions within the state strongly desired to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. civil War original matches. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced Most prisoners had already been imprisoned in Andersonville. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. See discussion and tabulation on pp. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. WebCivil War Prison Camps Suffering and Survival Harpers Weekly depiction of Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 dead. Salisbury University, 1991). Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Real and reproduction Civil War-era medical instruments will be shown and used, along with a variety of Civil War-era bullets, Minie balls, grape shot, buck shot, clusters, and other slugs (all inert, safe, and with no gun powder) that created many of the battlefield wounds that the surgeons had to treat. In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. [40], In another controversial arrest that fall, and in further defiance of Chief Justice Taney's ruling, a sitting U.S. In this case U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, and native Marylander, Roger B. Taney, acting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the arrest of Merryman was unconstitutional without Congressional authorization, which Lincoln could not then secure: The President, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize any military officer to do so. Prisoners at Andersonville also made matters worse for themselves by relieving themselves where they gathered their drinking water, resulting in widespread outbreaks of disease, and by forming into gangs for the purpose of beating or murdering weaker men for food, supplies, and booty. Camp Hoffman (1 As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. "Start-up nation? [45] This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. Also known as Point Lookout Camp and Lookout Point Camp . WebThe American Civil War in Maryland's State Parks South Mountain Battlefield. The new constitution came into effect on November 1, 1864, making Maryland the first Union slave state to abolish slavery since the beginning of the war. Maryland Group Votes To Remove Civil War Plaque From A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. [85] Maryland has three chapters of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. Moving blindly without his cavalry, Lee stumbled into the huge Union army at a place called Gettysburg where he was soundly defeated. (2021), Schoeberlein, Robert W. "'A Record of Heroism': Baltimores Unionist Women in the Civil War", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:19. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. [6] Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. Confederate States Army bands would later play the song after they crossed into Maryland territory during the Maryland Campaign in 1862.[13]. Candace Ridington portrays a nurse reminiscing about her time of service in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War when the nursing profession struggled to create itself. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). The War of the Rebellion, Series III, Volume 4, pp. The single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred during the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Maryland Campaign, just north above the Potomac River near Sharpsburg in Washington County, at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. Confederate Prisoners of War Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. It has been estimated that, of the state's 1860 population of 687,000, about 4,000 Marylanders traveled south to fight for the Confederacy. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. [84] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. It will bust some 150 year old myths, such as Civil War soldiers being awake and biting on bullets during surgery. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. [74] The new constitution emancipated the state's slaves (who had not been freed by President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation), disenfranchised southern sympathizers, and re-apportioned the General Assembly based upon white inhabitants. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. Civil War Questions? SHOP WebBetween 1861 and 1865, American Civil War prison camps were operated by the Union For more than three years - May 1862 through July 1865 - Union soldiers lived, worked, and played on Maryland Heights. Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps. Maryland Civil War 51-52. It was 1942. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). Join us July 13-16! [64], The armies met near the town of Sharpsburg by the Antietam Creek. Civil War The site was occupied in the middle to late nineteenth century near the present day Maryland Department of Natural Resources Management Area at Benedict. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. [68] Quartermaster John Howard recalled that Steuart performed "seventeen double somersaults" all the while whistling Maryland, My Maryland. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. [75] Those voting at their usual polling places were opposed to the Constitution by 29,536 to 27,541. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. [60] Hagerstown too would also suffer a similar fate. WebThe Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System currently includes information about two Civil 6306239). Washington Camp (5) - A British Colonial Battle of Monocacy Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Plumbs newest book,The Better Angels, will be published by Potomac Books, an imprint of University of Nebraska Press, in March of 2020. WebThe Civil War Museum (currently closed) Schoolhouse Ridge Trails The 1862 Battle of Harpers Ferry Museum Maryland Heights Trail Bolivar Heights Trail Murphy-Chambers Farm Trail Last updated: July 24, 2019 Was this page helpful? More Americans died in battle on September 17, 1862, than on any other day in the nation's military history. camps [Howard County, MD in the Civil War] - hococivilwar.org WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of Human error in the form of overcrowding the camps a frequent cause of widespread disease is to blame for many of the deaths at Point Lookout, Alton, and Salisbury. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. This represented 25% of the Federal force and 31% of the Confederate. Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. My troops are on Federal Hill, which I can hold with the aid of my artillery. One prisoner in seven died, for a total of 4,200 deaths by 1865. After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. [63], While Major General George B. McClellan's 87,000-man Army of the Potomac was moving to intercept Lee, a Union soldier discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed battle plans of Lee's army, on Sunday 14 September. The speaker brings a doctors bag from 1885 containing example medical instruments of the Civil War and the 1800s for show and tell. All along the East Coast blackout drills were preparing citizens against Hitlers Luftwaffe that were blitzing London. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through ouronline form! Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! [51], A similar situation existed in relation to Marylanders serving in the United States Colored Troops. Jim Johnston unravels the historical mystery. Coming Soon!! Confederate General John McCausland bragged to Ulysses Grant that McCausland had come closer to taking the city than any other Confederate general. The battlefield medical care offered to Americas military today has its roots firmly planted in the innovative medical care of the American Civil War. [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. Maryland Forts: page 3 - North American Forts Limited rations, consisting of cornmeal, beef and/or bacon, resulted in extreme Vitamin-C deficiencies which often times led to deadly cases of scurvy. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. Andersonville was more than eight times over-capacity at its peak. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment. Imprisoned in both Andersonville and Florence, Private John McElroy noted in his book Andersonville: a Story of Rebel Military Prisons that I think also that all who experienced confinement in the two places are united in pronouncing Florence to be, on the whole, much the worse place and more fatal to life. In October 1864, 20 to 30 prisoners died per day. Civil War False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials.